![](https://i0.wp.com/elitshanews.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Illegal-miner-using-a-phenduka-to-refine-and-extract-minerals-scaled.jpg?resize=326%2C245&ssl=1)
Ten points about ‘illegal’ mining
The public discourse on ‘illegal’ mining or zama-zamas has reached fever pitch with communities on Johannesburg’s west rand erupting in protest this week against the violence of zama-zama gangs. Here, David van Wyk explores ten points to get behind this ‘confusion’ or lack of critical thinking.